Learn about civil engineering

About Safe bearing capacity Excavate a pit of required depth. (preferably equal to the depth of foundation) Take a solid ball or square cube of known weight and dimension. Drop the ball or square cube several times, from a known height on to the bottom surface of excavated pit. Calculate the average depth of impression made several times on the bottom surface of the excavated pit. Let “d” is the average depth of impression. CALCULATION Calculate the ultimate resistance of soil ( R ) using the formula given below. R = (w * h) / d Where, R = Ultimate resistance of soil (in kg) d = Average depth of impression (in cm) w = Weight of the solid ball or square cube (in kg) h = Height of fall of solid ball or cube (in cm) If “A” is the cross-sectional area of the solid steel ball or cube, then resistance of soil per unit area is calculated using following formula. Resistance of soil per unit area (in kg/cm2) = R / A Safe bearing capacity (in kg/cm2) = R / (A * F.O.S...

Follow this for more: 1.Common misconception is that all civil engineers will be site engineers which is wrong. There will be civil engineers in the following functions too. Planning Contracts   Quantity survey Tendering and bidding Design Quality Control, 2. When it comes to site execution, Every civil engineer must know that the supervisors working under them are not their slaves. We earn respect only when we show some respect to our juniors level engineers or supervisors. When safety department in-charge says something, civil engineers need to follow to avoid any unwanted circumstances (like accidents or death in the site). Don't waste the scrap. Recycle it and reuse it. Ex: You can even use unwanted cut steel bars for barricading purpose. 3. When it comes to project execution, Every civil engineer's ultimate aim should be completing the project within the stipulated time without any delay and within the specified budget Minimum thickness o...

LOADS Structural loads or actions are forces, deformations, or accelerations applied to a structure or its components. Loads cause stresses, deformations, and displacements in structures. ... Engineers often evaluate structural loads based upon published regulations, contracts, or specifications. LOAD TYPES The determination of the loads acting on a structure is a complex problem. The nature of the loads varies essentially with the architectural design, the materials, and the location of the structure. Loading conditions on the same structure may change from time to time, or may change rapidly with time. Loads are usually classified into two broad groups: dead loads and live loads. Dead loads (DL) are essentially constant during the life of the structure and normally consist of the weight of the structural elements. On the other hand, live loads (LL) usually vary greatly. The weight of occupants, snow and vehicles, and the forces induced by wind or earthquakes are example...

About : A vertical member whose effective length is greater than 3 times Its least lateral dimension carrying compressive loads is called as a column. Columns transfer the loads from the beams or slabs to the footings or foundations. The inclined member carrying compressive loads as In the case of frames and trusses is called as struts. The pedestal is a vertical compression member whose effective length Is less than 3 times Its least lateral dimension. (different types columns) WHY WE PROVIDE COLUMNS? Primarily, Columns carry  Axial Loads and therefore are designed for compression. Other loads from snow, wind or other horizontal forces can cause bending in the columns. Columns then need to be designed for Axial Load and Bending. COLUMNS ARE CLASSIFIED INTO FOUR TYPES:- Based on Shape Based on a type of reinforcement Based on type of loading Based on slenderness ratio Note: It’s just a classification a column can be a combination of both types like a column can be ...

POST TENSION SLAB: The slab which is tensioned after constructing slab is called Post tension slab. Reinforcement is provided to resist the compression. In Post tension slab the reinforcement is replaced with cables/ steel tendons. Post-tensioning provides a means to overcome the natural weakness of concrete in tension and to make better use of its strength in compression. The principle is easily observed when holding together several books by pressing them laterally. Linder such pressure the whole row gains enough stiffness and strength to ensure its integrity. In concrete structures, this is achieved by placing high-tensile steel tendons/cables in the element before  casting When the concrete reaches the desired strength  the tendons are pulled by special hydraulic jacks and held  in tension using specially designed anchorages fixed at each end of the tendon  This provides compression at the edge of the structural member that increases the strength of the conc...

Dome Slab:- These kind of slab is generally constructed in temples, Mosques, palaces etc. And Dome slab is built on conventional slab. Thickness of Dome slab is 0.15m. Domes are in semi circle and shuttering is done on conventional slab in dome shape and concrete is filled in shuttering forming dome shapes. This is a one of the types of concrete slabs. PITCH ROOF SLAB: Pitch roof is an inclined slab , generally constructed on resorts for a natural look. Compared to traditional roofing materials Tile-sheets used in pitch roof slab  are extreamely lightweight. This weight saving reduces the timber or steel structural requirements resulting in significant cost savings.Tile-sheets are tailor made for each project offering labour cost savings and reduced site wastage. And the thickness of slab is depends on the tiles we using it may be 2″-8″. This is a one of the types of concrete slabs. Advantages : 1. It sheds off rain water better. 2. It gives you internal storage o...

  WAFFLE SLAB :- Waffle slab is a reinforced concrete roof or floor containing square grids with deep sides. This kind of slab is majorly used at entrance of hotels, Malls, Restaurants for good pictorial view and to install artificial lighting. This a  type of slab where we find hollow hole in the slab when the formwork is removed.  Firstly PVC trays (pods) are placed on shuttering then reinforcement is provided between the pods and steel mesh is provided at top of the pods and then concrete is filled. After concrete sets the formwork is removed and PVC pods are not removed. This forms hollow hole in it in which hole is closed at one end. The concrete waffle slab is often used for industrial and commercial buildings while wood and metal waffle slabs are used in many other construction sites. This is a one of the types of concrete slabs. Where to use? A waffle slab is a type of slab with holes underneath, giving an appearance of waffles. It is usually used where lar...